Isingeniso
Kubuchwepheshe besimanje, ama-nuances phakathi kwamagajethi ahlukahlukene kwesinye isikhathi angazwakala njengokuhlaziya ikhodi eyimfihlo.Namuhla, ake sikhanyise nge-conundrum evamile: umehluko phakathi kwe-photocell nenzwa yokunyakaza.Lawa madivaysi angazidlali adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, nokho ukuhluka kwawo kungase kusibaleke.
Cishe uhlangabezane namaseli ezithombe nezinzwa ezinyakazayo izikhathi eziningi ngaphandle kokubanika umcabango wesibili.I-photocell, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-photoresistor, iphendula izinguquko ekukhanyeni, ukushintsha phakathi kokuvula nokuvala izifunda.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ainzwa yokunyakazaithola ukunyakaza, icuphe izenzo ezisekelwe ezicini zayo zokugada.Uma uthi nhlá, bangase babonakale njengabazala abakude emhlabeni wezinzwa, kodwa phenya ujule, futhi uzothola amakhono abo ahlukile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Kulesi sihloko, sizodalula izimfihlakalo ngemuva kwalezi zisetshenziswa zobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile.Sizohlola ukuthi amaseli ezithombe nezinzwa ezinyakazayo asebenza kanjani nokuthi anikela kanjani ekusebenzeni okungenazihibe kwezindawo zethu ezifakwe ubuchwepheshe.
Asebenza kanjani ama-Photocell?
Ama-Photocell, ngokwesayensi aziwa ngokuthi ama-photoresistors nomaama-resistors ancike ekukhanyeni (LDRs), zingamadivayisi e-semiconductor abonisa izici ezihlukile zokumelana okuncike kubukhulu besigameko sokukhanya.
Ezingeni layo eliyisisekelo, ai-photocellisebenza njengesivimbeli esimelana nokumelana naso ekuphenduleni ukugeleza kokukhanya kwesigameko.I-paradigm yayo yokusebenza isekelwe ku-photoconductivity eboniswa yizinto ezithile ze-semiconductor.Ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle, impahla ye-semiconductor ihlangabezana nokwanda kokusebenza ngenxa yokusebenzelana nama-photons.
Ngokuvamile, ama-photocells afaka okokusebenza kwe-semiconductor, okuhlanganiswe ngendlela ehlelekile phakathi kwezendlalelo ezimbili.I-semiconductor isebenza njengengxenye eyinhloko esebenzayo, yenza kube lula ukuguqulwa kwezinto zayo zikagesi phambi kokukhanya.Lesi sakhiwo esinezingqimba singaphakathi kwendlu, sivikela izingxenye zangaphakathi.
Njengoba ama-photon eshayisana ne-semiconductor, adlulisela amandla anele kuma-electron, awakhuphulele kumazinga aphezulu wamandla.Lolu shintsho luthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-semiconductor, kukhuthaze ukugeleza okulula kwamanje.
Empeleni, phakathi nesikhathi sasemini, lapho ukukhanya kukhanya, i-photocell isebenza ukunciphisa amandla, ngaleyo ndlela icishe izibani ezibanini zasemgwaqweni.Futhi lapho kuhwalala, amandla ayanda, okwandisa amandla okukhanya.
Ama-photocell angahlanganiswa ezinhlelweni ze-elekthronikhi ezihlukene, njengezibani zasemgwaqweni, izimpawu, kanye nemishini ekwazi ukuzwa lapho uhlala khona.Empeleni, ama-photocell asebenza njengezingxenye zezinzwa, ahlela izimpendulo ze-elekthronikhi ezincike ezimweni zokukhanya ezizungezile.
Ziyini izinzwa zokunyakaza?
Izinzwa ezinyakazayo ziyisizathu sokuthi izibani zakho zikhanyise ngomlingo uma ungena egumbini noma ifoni yakho yazi ukuthi kufanele iphenye nini isikrini sayo.
Kafushane, izinzwa ezinyakazayo zingamathuluzi amancane athatha noma yiluphi uhlobo lokunyakaza endaweni ezizungezile.Asebenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokuzwa ukushintsha kokushisa, ukudlala ngamagagasi omsindo, noma ngisho nokuthatha izithombe ezisheshayo zendawo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinzwa zisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukile zokubona ukunyakaza.Nakhu ukuhlukaniswa kwezivamile:
Izinzwa ze-Passive Infrared (PIR):
Ukusebenzisa imisebe ye-infrared,Izinzwa ze-Passive Infrared (PIR)izinzwa zikhomba izinguquko emaphethini okushisa.Into ngayinye ikhipha imisebe ye-infrared, futhi lapho into ihamba phakathi kwebanga lenzwa, ithola ukushintshashintsha kokushisa, okubonisa ukuba khona kokunyakaza.
Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonic:
Isebenza ngokufana ne-echolocation, izinzwa ze-ultrasonic ziyaphumaamagagasi e-ultrasonic.Uma umnyakazo ungekho, amagagasi ahlehla njalo.Nokho, lapho into ihamba, iphazamisa iphethini yegagasi, icuphe inzwa ukuthi ibhalise ukunyakaza.
Izinzwa zeMicrowave:
Zisebenza ngomgomo wama-microwave pulses, lezi zinzwa zithumela futhi zithole ama-microwave.Uma ukunyakaza kwenzeka, kushintsha iphethini ye-echo, inzwa iyasebenza.Lo mshini ufana nesistimu ye-radar encane ehlanganiswe nenzwa yokunyakaza.
Izinzwa zesithombe:
Esetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhamera okuvikela, izinzwa zesithombe zithwebula amafreyimu alandelanayo wendawo.Ukunyakaza kutholwa uma kukhona umehluko phakathi kozimele.Empeleni, lezi zinzwa zisebenza njengabathwebuli bezithombe abanesivinini esikhulu, ezixwayisa isistimu nganoma yiziphi izinguquko.
Izinzwa ze-Tomography:
Ukuzuzaamaza omsakazo, izinzwa ze-tomography zenza i-mesh engabonakali endaweni.Ukunyakaza kuphazamisa le mesh, okubangela izinguquko kumaphethini amaza omsakazo, inzwa ewahumusha njengokunyakaza.
Kucabange njengamehlo nezindlebe zedivayisi yakho ehlakaniphile, ehlale ilungele ukukwazisa uma kunesenzo esincane eyenzekayo.
Ama-Photocell vs. Izinzwa zokunyakaza
Ama-photocell, noma izinzwa ze-photoelectric, zisebenza ngomgomo wokutholwa kokukhanya.Lezi zinzwa ziqukethe i-semiconductor eshintsha ukumelana nogesi ngokusekelwe enanini lokukhanya okuzungezile.
Njengoba ukukhanya kwemini kuncipha, ukumelana kuyanda, okubangela inzwa ukuthi isebenze isistimu yokukhanyisa exhunyiwe.Ama-photocell asebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamaphethini okukhanya angaguquki, ahlinzeka ngokulawula ukukhanyisa okonga amandla.
Nakuba ama-photocells enikeza ubulula nokuthembeka, angase abhekane nezinselele ezindaweni ezinezimo zokukhanya ezihlukahlukayo, njengalezo ezijwayele ukumbozwa ngokuzumayo kwefu noma izindawo ezinomthunzi.
Izinzwa zokunyakaza, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zithembele kubuchwepheshe be-infrared noma be-ultrasonic ukuze zithole ukunyakaza ngaphakathi kwendawo yazo yokubuka.Uma ukunyakaza kutholwa, inzwa isayina isistimu yokukhanyisa ukuthi ivule.Lezi zinzwa zilungele izindawo lapho izibani zidingeka khona kuphela uma abantu bekhona, njengamaphasishi noma amakhabethe.
Izinzwa zokunyakaza zihamba phambili ekunikezeni ukukhanya okusheshayo lapho zibona ukunyakaza, okunikela ekongeni amandla ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izibani ziyasebenza kuphela lapho kudingekile.Kodwa-ke, zingase zibonise ukuzwela emithonjeni yokunyakaza okungeyona eyomuntu, okuholela ezibangeli ezingamanga ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukukhethwa phakathi kwama-photocell nezinzwa ezinyakazayo kuncike ezidingweni ezithile kanye nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo.Uma ukulawulwa kokukhanya kwe-ambient okungashintshi kanye nokungenelela okuncane komsebenzisi kuyizinto eziza kuqala, amaseli ezithombe abonakala ewusizo.Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifuna ukukhanyisa lapho kudingeka khona ukuze kuphenduleke ebukhoneni bomuntu, izinzwa ezinyakazayo zinikeza isixazululo esiklanyelwe kakhulu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-photocells ngokumelene nezinzwa ezinyakazayo, isistimu ngayinye iveza izinzuzo nemikhawulo ehlukile.Inketho yokugcina incike ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe kanye nebhalansi oyifunayo phakathi kokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokusabela.Ngokuqonda ubunkimbinkimbi bobuchwepheshe balobu buchwepheshe bokulawula ukukhanya, abasebenzisi bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabo ezithile.
Iyiphi Eyonga Amandla Kakhulu?
Ama-photocell, noma amaseli e-photoelectric, asebenza ngomgomo wokutholwa kokukhanya.Kusetshenziswa i-semiconductor ukukala izinguquko kumazinga okukhanya, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokukhanyisa zangaphandle.Phakathi namahora okukhanya kwasemini, lapho ukukhanya kwe-ambient kwanele, i-photocell iqinisekisa ukuthi izibani zihlala zivaliwe.Njengoba kuhwalala, iqala inqubo yokukhanyisa.
Ngokombono wokonga amandla, ama-photocells ahamba phambili ngesikhathi sokusebenza ebusuku.Ukusebenza kwabo okuzenzakalelayo kuqeda isidingo sokungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuhambisana nezidingo zangempela zokukhanyisa.
Noma kunjalo, ama-photocells angenwa kalula yizici zemvelo, njengezimo zokusibekela noma ukuba khona kokukhanya okuqinile kokwenziwa, okungase kuholele ekwenzeni kusebenze okuyiphutha kanye nokumoshakala kwamandla.
Izinzwa zokunyakaza, ngokuphambene, zithembele ekutholeni ukunyakaza komzimba ukuze zenze kusebenze izinhlelo zokukhanyisa.Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa njengezinzwa zokuhlala, zisabela ngokushintshashintshayo ezinguqukweni zenkambu yazo yezinzwa.Uma ukunyakaza kutholwa, amalambu ayacushwa ukuthi akhanyise, anikeze indlela yokukhanya lapho kudingeka khona.
Ukusebenza kahle kwezinzwa ezinyakazayo kulele ekunembeni kwazo nokuvumelana nezimo.Kungakhathaleki izimo zokukhanya ezizungezile, lezi zinzwa zibeka phambili ukunyakaza, okuzenza zisebenze ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ezinethrafikhi yezinyawo ezingavamile.
Kodwa-ke, i-drawback yezinzwa ezinyakazayo ukuthambekela kwazo ukwenza izibani zingasebenzi lapho kungabikho ukunyakaza phakathi nobude besikhathi esithile.Abasebenzisi bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi izibani ziyacisha uma zimile, okudinga ukunyakaza ukuze kuphinde kusebenze isistimu yokukhanyisa.
Ukunquma inketho eyonga amandla aphezulu kuncike ezindingweni ezithile zokukhanyisa.Ama-Photocell avumelanisa nezinguquko zokukhanya kwemvelo futhi afaneleka kahle izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho lokhu kuqondanisa kubalulekile.Ngokuphambene, izinzwa ezinyakazayo zinekhono lokuphendula ebukhoneni bomuntu, zihamba kahle ezindaweni lapho ukukhanya okudingekayo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Nokho, ukuze uthole isixazululo esifanelana nezidingo zakho ezithile, hlola uhla lwethu lobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa obusha ku-I-Chiswear.
Isiphetho
Ngamafuphi, umehluko phakathi kwama-photocell nezinzwa ezinyakazayo ukhuphukela ku-stimu yawo eyinhloko.Ama-photocell asebenza ngokususelwe kushintsho ekukhanyeni kwe-ambient, ukukhanya okulungiseka kahle ekuphenduleni.Ngokuphambene, izinzwa ezinyakazayo zingena esenzweni lapho zithola ukunyakaza, okwenza kusebenze amasistimu okukhanyisa.Ukukhetha phakathi kwalokhu okubili kuncike ezidingweni zobuchwepheshe ezihlukanisiwe.Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhanya okulungiseka kahle noma kuphendula ukunyakaza, lezi zinzwa zihlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene ngokobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-02-2024