Intangiriro
Mubuhanga bugezweho, itandukaniro riri hagati yibikoresho bitandukanye birashobora rimwe na rimwe kumva nko gusobanura kode y'ibanga.Uyu munsi, reka tumurikire kumurongo rusange: itandukaniro riri hagati ya fotokeli na sensor ya moteri.Ibi bikoresho bidasuzugura bigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, nyamara itandukaniro ryabo rishobora kutumenya.
Ushobora kuba warahuye na fotokeli hamwe na sensor ya moteri inshuro zitabarika utabahaye igitekerezo cya kabiri.Fotokeli, izwi kandi nk'ifotozi, isubiza impinduka zumucyo, zihindagurika hagati ya leta no hanze.
Ku ruhande rwa flip, aicyerekezogutahura urujya n'uruza, gukurura ibikorwa bishingiye kubiranga ubugenzuzi.Urebye, barashobora gusa nkaba mubyara wa kure mwisi ya sensor, ariko ucukumbure cyane, kandi uzavumbura ubushobozi bwihariye nibisabwa.
Muri iki kiganiro, tuzagaragaza amayobera inyuma yibi bikoresho byikoranabuhanga ryubwenge.Tuzareba uburyo fotokeli hamwe na sensor ya moteri ikora nuburyo bigira uruhare mumikorere idahwitse yibidukikije byatewe na tekinoroji.
Nigute Photocells ikora?
Photocells, siyanse izwi nkabafotora cyangwaurumuri rushingiye ku mucyo (LDRs), ni ibikoresho bya semiconductor byerekana ibintu bihindagurika biranga ubukana bwumucyo.
Ku rwego rwibanze, afotokeliImikorere nka résistoriste irwanya ihinduka mugusubiza ibyabaye kumurika.Imikorere yayo ikora yashinze imizi muri fotokondivitike yerekanwe nibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya semiconductor.Ahantu hacanye neza, ibikoresho bya semiconductor bigira uburambe bwimyororokere kubera imikoranire na fotone.
Mubisanzwe, fotokeli igaragaramo ibikoresho bya semiconductor, bihujwe hagati yuburyo bubiri.Igice cya kabiri gikora nkibintu byibanze bikora, byoroshya guhindura imiterere yumuriro wamashanyarazi imbere yumucyo.Iyi nyubako yubatswe iri munzu, irinda ibice byimbere.
Mugihe fotone igongana na semiconductor, itanga ingufu zihagije kuri electron, zikabateza imbere murwego rwo hejuru.Inzibacyuho yongerera imbaraga za semiconductor, iteza imbere ibintu byoroshye.
Byibanze, kumanywa, iyo urumuri rwaka, fotokeli ikora kugirango igabanye ingufu, bityo uzimye amatara kumatara.Kandi nimugoroba, ingufu ziriyongera, zongera ingufu z'umucyo.
Photocells irashobora kwinjizwa muri sisitemu zitandukanye za elegitoronike, nk'amatara yo ku mihanda, ibyapa, n'ibikoresho byumva.Byibanze, fotokeli ikora nkibice byumviro, itegura ibisubizo bya elegitoroniki bijyanye nurumuri rwibidukikije.
Sensor ya Motion ni iki?
Ibyuma byerekana moteri niyo mpamvu itara ryawe ryaka mugihe winjiye mucyumba cyangwa terefone yawe izi igihe cyo gukuramo ecran yayo.
Muri make, ibyuma byerekana ni ibikoresho bito bitwara ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose.Bakora muburyo butandukanye, nko kumva ubushyuhe bwahindutse, gukina hamwe nijwi ryamajwi, cyangwa no gufata amashusho yihuse yakarere.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa sensor ikoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kumenya urujya n'uruza.Dore gusenyuka kw'ibisanzwe:
Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR):
Ukoresheje imirasire ya infragre,Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR)sensor zerekana impinduka muburyo bwubushyuhe.Buri kintu gisohora imirasire yimirasire, kandi mugihe ikintu cyimukiye murwego rwa sensor, cyerekana ihindagurika ryubushyuhe, byerekana ko hariho kugenda.
Ultrasonic Sensors:
Imikorere isa na echolocation, sensor ya ultrasonic isohoraultrasonic waves.Mugihe hatabayeho kugenda, imiraba isubira inyuma buri gihe.Ariko, iyo ikintu cyimutse, gihungabanya imiterere yumuraba, bigatuma sensor yiyandikisha.
Ibyuma bya Microwave:
Gukora ku ihame rya microwave pulses, ibyo byuma byohereza no kwakira microwave.Iyo icyerekezo kibaye, guhindura echo ishusho, sensor ikora.Ubu buryo busa na sisitemu ntoya ya radar yinjijwe muri sensor ya moteri.
Ibyumviro:
Abakoresha cyane cyane muri kamera zumutekano, ibyuma bifata amashusho bifata amakadiri akurikirana yakarere.Icyerekezo kimenyekana mugihe hari itandukaniro hagati yamakadiri.Byibanze, ibyo byuma bikora nkibifotozi byihuta cyane, bikamenyesha sisitemu impinduka zose.
Sensors ya Tomografiya:
Gukoresharadiyo, ibyuma bya tomografi birema inshundura zitemewe mukarere.Icyerekezo gihungabanya iyi meshi, itera impinduka muburyo bwa radiyo yerekana, sensor isobanura nkigikorwa.
Tekereza nk'amaso n'amatwi y'ibikoresho byawe byubwenge, burigihe witeguye kubamenyesha mugihe hari ibikorwa bike bibaye.
Photocells na Sensors
Fotokeli, cyangwa ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi, bikora ku ihame ryo kumenya urumuri.Ibyo byuma bifata ibyuma bikoresha igice cya kabiri gihindura amashanyarazi bitewe nubunini bwurumuri rwibidukikije.
Nkuko amanywa agabanuka, kurwanya biriyongera, bigatuma sensor ikora sisitemu yo kumurika.Photocells ikora cyane mubidukikije bifite urumuri ruhoraho, rutanga ingufu zikoresha neza.
Mugihe fotokeli itanga ubworoherane no kwizerwa, irashobora guhura nibibazo ahantu hafite imiterere itandukanye yumucyo, nkibishobora guhura nigicu gitunguranye cyangwa ahantu h'igicucu.
Ku rundi ruhande, ibyuma byerekana ibyerekezo, bishingikiriza ku buhanga bwa infragre cyangwa ultrasonic kugirango bamenye urujya n'uruza rwabo.Iyo icyerekezo kimenyekanye, sensor yerekana sisitemu yo kumurika.Ibyo byuma bifata amajwi nibyiza kumwanya aho amatara akenerwa gusa mugihe abayirimo bahari, nka koridoro cyangwa akabati.
Ibyuma byerekana icyerekezo cyiza mugutanga urumuri mugihe cyo kumenya urujya n'uruza, bigira uruhare mu kuzigama ingufu mu kwemeza ko amatara akora gusa igihe bibaye ngombwa.Ariko, barashobora kwerekana ibyiyumvo byamasoko atari abantu, biganisha kubitera rimwe na rimwe ibinyoma.
Guhitamo hagati ya fotokeli na sensor ya moteri biterwa nibisabwa byihariye no gutekereza kubidukikije.Niba urumuri rudasanzwe rwumucyo no gukoresha interineti ntoya ni byo byihutirwa, fotokeli yerekana ko ari nziza.Kuri porogaramu zisaba urumuri rusabwa kugirango hasubizwe abantu, ibyuma byerekana ibyerekezo bitanga igisubizo cyihariye.
Mugereranije na fotokeli na sensor ya moteri, buri sisitemu yerekana ibyiza bitandukanye nimbibi.Ihitamo ryibanze rishingiye kubikorwa bigenewe hamwe nuburinganire bwifuzwa hagati yingufu zingirakamaro no kwitabira.Mugusobanukirwa ubuhanga bwa tekinoroji yubu buryo bwo kugenzura amatara, abakoresha barashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye kugirango babone ibyo bakeneye.
Ninde Ukoresha ingufu nyinshi?
Fotokeli, cyangwa ingirabuzimafatizo, ikora ku ihame ryo kumenya urumuri.Gukoresha igice cya kabiri kugirango bapime impinduka murwego rwumucyo, bakunze gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi yo hanze.Mu masaha yo ku manywa, iyo urumuri rudasanzwe ruhagije, fotokeli yemeza ko amatara azimya.Iyo bwije bwije, butera inzira yo kumurika.
Urebye imbaraga zingirakamaro, fotokeli nziza cyane mugikorwa cya nijoro.Imikorere yabo yikora ikuraho gukenera intoki, kwemeza ko gukoresha ingufu bihuye nibisabwa byo kumurika.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, fotokeli irashobora kwibasirwa nibidukikije, nkibihe byijimye cyangwa kuba hari amatara akomeye yakozwe, bishobora gutuma habaho gukora nabi no gutakaza ingufu.
Ibyuma byerekana ibyerekezo, bitandukanye, bishingira ku kumenya imikorere yumubiri kugirango ikore sisitemu yo kumurika.Mubisanzwe bakoreshwa nkibikoresho byo guturamo, basubiza muburyo bwimpinduka mumyumvire yabo.Iyo icyerekezo kimenyekanye, amatara arashishikarizwa kuzimya, atanga itara-kubisabwa.
Imikorere ya sensororo yimikorere iri muburyo bwuzuye no guhuza n'imiterere.Hatitawe kumiterere yumucyo ibidukikije, ibyo byuma bifata umwanya wambere, bigatuma bikora neza mubice bifite amaguru rimwe na rimwe.
Nyamara, inenge ya sensor sensor ni imyumvire yabo yo kuzimya amatara mugihe hatabayeho kugenda mugihe runaka.Abakoresha barashobora kubona amatara azimya mugihe gihagaze, bisaba kugenda kugirango bongere gukora sisitemu yo kumurika.
Kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ingufu bushingiye kumatara asabwa.Photocells ihuza hamwe numucyo usanzwe kandi ikwiranye nibisabwa aho iyi ihuza ari ngombwa.Ku rundi ruhande, ibyuma byerekana ibyuma bifite ubuhanga bwo gusubiza abantu, kuba indashyikirwa mu turere aho amatara-asabwa ari yo y'ingenzi.
Ariko, kubisubizo byabigenewe bihuye nibisabwa byihariye, shakisha urwego rwikoranabuhanga rishya ryo kumurika kuriChiswear.
Umwanzuro
Mubusanzwe, itandukaniro riri hagati ya fotokeli na sensor ya moteri iratera kubitera imbaraga zabo zambere.Photocells ikora ishingiye kumihindagurikire yumucyo wibidukikije, kumurika neza kumurika mugusubiza.Ibinyuranye, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bigenda mubikorwa mugihe cyo kumenya urujya n'uruza, bigasaba gukora sisitemu yo kumurika.Guhitamo hagati yimpande zombi kubikenewe bya tekiniki.Noneho, niba ari ukumurika neza cyangwa gusubiza icyerekezo, ibyo byuma byujuje ibisabwa bitandukanye mubijyanye nubuhanga bwo gucana ubwenge.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-02-2024