Intangiriro
Mu kumurika hanze, aho ubwitange bwacu mukoresha ingufu buhura nibibazo bitateganijwe, ikintu kimwe gikenewe akenshi gifata icyiciro hagati - icyuma gifata amashanyarazi.Ntibisanzwe guhura nibintu aho iki kintu cyingenzi kidakurura uburemere bwacyo.
Iki nikintu gitunguranye benshi muritwe munganda zamurika twahuye nazo - sensor gusa idakora akazi kayo nkuko byari byitezwe, gutakaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhindura urumuri, cyangwa gutsimbarara mubihe bidashira.Gushakisha uburyo bwo gutunganya ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi bidasubirwaho biba ibyambere.
Muri iyi ngingo, tuzacukumbura muburyo bugoye bwo gukora sensor, dushakisha ingamba zo kubyutsa ibice byingenzi.Unyinjire mugutanga urumuri kuburyo nubushishozi bwo gutunganya ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi no gukora igisubizo cyizewe kandi cyiza cyo kumurika hanze.
Ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi ni iki?
Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi bifasha gukoresha amashanyarazi - gusohora electroni mubintu iyo bimurikiwe numucyo.Izi sensor zigizwe nisoko yumucyo (mubisanzwe LED), imashini yakira (fotodiode cyangwa fototransistor), hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Umucyo wasohoye ukorana nikintu cyerekanwe, hanyuma uwakiriye noneho akamenya urumuri rwerekanwe cyangwa rwoherejwe.
Bakora bakoresheje imirishyo yoroheje kugirango bamenye ikintu cyangwa kidahari.Iyo hari ikintu kibangamiye urumuri, bitera igisubizo - nko kuzimya amatara muri koridoro iyo umuntu anyuze.
Ibyuma bifata amashanyarazikora ku ihame ryo gusohora urumuri hanyuma umenye urumuri rugaragaza cyangwa runyuze mu kintu.Hariho ubwoko butatu bwingenzi: binyuze-beam, retroreflective, na diffuse.
Binyuze mu rumuri
Muri iyi miterere, itumanaho ryakira hamwe niyakira byashyizwe bitandukanye.Kumenya bibaho mugihe ikintu gihagaritse inzira itaziguye hagati yabo, bigatera impinduka mumucyo wakiriwe.Byibanze, hariho transmitter kuruhande rumwe niyakira kurundi ruhande.Ikintu kimenyekana iyo gihagaritse urumuri hagati yabo.
Sensors Yisubiramo
Hano, transmitter hamwe niyakira byashyizwe hamwe, hamwe na ecran yashyizwe kumurongo runaka.Rukuruzi imenya ikintu iyo ihagaritse inzira yumucyo igaragara hagati ya sensor na ecran.
Sensor
Ibyo byuma bifata imashini ikwirakwiza hamwe niyakira mu nzu imwe.Itara ryasohotse ryerekana ikintu hanyuma risubira kuri sensor.Niba ubukana buhinduka bitewe nikintu gihari, sensor irabyandikisha.Kumenyekanisha ibintu bishingiye kumihindagurikire yumucyo wakiriwe uterwa nikintu.
Kubijyanye na porogaramu, ibyo byuma bifata ahantu hose, kuva mumashanyarazi yinganda kugeza kubikoresho bya buri munsi.Mu nganda, zifasha mugukoresha ibikoresho mugushakisha ibintu kumukandara wa convoyeur.Zikoreshwa kandi cyane muri lift, sisitemu yumutekano, ndetse na terefone yawe kugirango ube hafi.
Ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa bitandukanye, bitanga igisubizo cyinshi cyo kumenya no kugenzura ibintu.Akamaro kabo kari mubushobozi bwabo bwo gutanga ibyizewe kandi neza muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu.
Ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyerekana ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi nubusobanuro bwabo muburyo bwo kumenya ibintu.Bitandukanye na sensor zimwe na zimwe gakondo, ibyo bikoresho birashobora kumenya ibintu utitaye kubintu, ibara, cyangwa ibiranga ubuso.Ubu buryo butandukanye butuma biba ingenzi mubikorwa byo gukora aho kumenya ibintu neza aribyo byingenzi.
Mugihe cyo kwikora, ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi bigira uruhare runini mugutezimbere imikorere.Bafite uruhare runini mubikorwa byikora mukwemeza neza ibintu neza, gutondeka, no kugenzura ubuziranenge.Uru rwego rwibisobanuro rugabanya amakosa, rugabanya igihe, kandi amaherezo ruzamura umusaruro muri rusange.
Kimwe nibindi byose, ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi bifite ibyiza n'ibibi.Kuruhande rwiza, birizewe, byihuse, kandi bitandukanye.Barashobora gukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye kandi ntibibasiwe nibara.Nyamara, zirashobora kumva neza ibidukikije nkumukungugu cyangwa urumuri rwibidukikije.
Ibibazo Rusange hamwe na Senseri Yamafoto
Mugihe gihindagurika, ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi birashobora guhura nibibazo bitandukanye bya tekiniki bishobora guhindura imikorere yabo.Bimwe muri ibyo bibazo birimo:
Ibibazo byo Kumva neza
Ikibazo kimwe gikunze guturuka kumihindagurikire yimikorere.Ibintu byo hanze nkumukungugu, ubushuhe, nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe burashobora guhungabanya ubushobozi bwa sensor yo kumenya neza impinduka zumucyo, biganisha kubisomwa bitizewe.
Guhuza Ibibazo
Guhuza neza nibyingenzi kugirango ibyo byuma bikora neza.Kudahuza hagati yuwasohoye nuwakira bishobora kuvamo gusoma bidasobanutse, bigatuma hakenerwa umwanya uhagije kugirango wirinde ibikorwa bitandukanye.
Kwivanga mu mucyo
Umucyo ukabije wibidukikije ubangamira cyane ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi.Iyo urumuri rwibidukikije rurenze sensor yagenewe kurenga, rushobora gusobanura nabi urumuri rwinyongera nkikimenyetso cyagenewe, bigatera urujijo namakosa ashobora kuba.
Guhuzagurika
Kunyuranya, bisa no kwerekana ibimenyetso bivanga, bibaho mugihe ibimenyetso biva kumurongo umwe bibangamira ibyuma bituranye.Uku kwivanga kurashobora kugoreka ibyasomwe, kumenyekanisha ibintu bidahwitse no kugora imikorere ya sensor imikorere rusange.
Amashanyarazi
Ibibazo bijyanye nimbaraga akenshi birengagizwa ariko birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya sensor.Amashanyarazi adahagije arashobora kuganisha kumikorere idahwitse, ashimangira akamaro ko kugenzura no gukomeza ingufu zihoraho kugirango imikorere ihamye.
Mugiheibyuma bifata amashanyarazitanga imikorere yingirakamaro, gusobanukirwa no gukemura ibyiyumvo, guhuza, urumuri rwibidukikije, ibiganiro byambukiranya, hamwe nibibazo bitanga amashanyarazi nibyingenzi mugukomeza kwizerwa no kwemeza amakuru neza mubikorwa bitandukanye.
Intambwe ku yindi Intambwe yo gukemura ibibazo
Niba sensor ya fotoelectric ikora nabi, gukurikiza iyi ntambwe ku ntambwe izagufasha kubikosora.Aka gatabo kacengera mu gukemura ibibazo bya sensorifoto yerekana amashanyarazi, bikemura ibibazo bya tekiniki bifitanye isano nibikorwa byabo bidasanzwe.Ikigamijwe ni ugupima gahunda no gukosora ibibazo bishobora kubangamira imikorere ya sensor nziza.
Intambwe ya 1: Kugenzura ingufu
Tangira inzira yo gukemura ibibazo ukoresheje voltage hamwe nisesengura ryubu kugirango umenye neza ko icyuma gifata amashanyarazi cyakira amashanyarazi yatanzwe muburyo bwo kwihanganira.Koresha ibikoresho bipima neza kugirango usome neza.
Intambwe ya 2: Sukura Ibigize Imbere
Kora igenzura ryiza rya sensor ya emitter niyakira.Koresha microscope ihanitse cyane kugirango umenye kandi ukureho mikorosikopi yanduye, urebe inzira nziza idakumirwa.
Intambwe ya 3: Reba Guhuza
Koresha ibikoresho byo guhuza laser nibikoresho byo gupima neza kugirango usuzume kandi ukosore itandukaniro riri hagati yimikorere ya foto yumuriro na ecran.Shyira mubikorwa trigonometric kugirango ubone guhuza neza muburyo bwo kwihanganira inguni.
Intambwe ya 4: Gerageza insinga
Koresha ibizamini bya kabili kandimetero nyinshigusesengura ubusugire bwibikorwa remezo bya sensor.Suzuma ibimenyetso bikomeza, birwanya insulasiyo, hamwe ningingo ikingira kugirango umenye kandi ukosore ibibazo byose bifitanye isano numuyoboro.
Intambwe ya 5: Kugenzura ibidukikije
Kora isesengura ryuzuye ryibidukikije ukoresheje sensor kabuhariwe kandiabandika amakuru.Kurikirana ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, nurumuri rwibidukikije kugirango umenye ibintu bishobora kubungabunga ibidukikije bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya sensor.Shyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gukosora zishingiye ku makuru yakusanyijwe.
Intambwe ya 6: Calibration
Reba kuri sensor ya tekiniki ya tekiniki kugirango ukore uburyo bwo kwisubiramo.Koresha ibikoresho bigezweho bya kalibrasi nkaIkigereranyonibikoresho byo guhuza neza kugirango tumenye neza ibyasohotse bya sensor hamwe nibipimo byerekana neza.
Ubu buhanga bwateguwe neza butanga uburyo bunoze bwo gukemura ibibazo bisanzwe bifotora amashanyarazi.Ariko, tekereza gushakisha ubuhanga nibikoresho biboneka kuriChiswearkubindi bisobanuro bya tekiniki cyangwa ubufasha.
Incamake
Mugukosora ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi bidakora, uburyo bwuburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo buba ubwambere.Tangiza inzira yo gusuzuma mugusuzuma ubuziranenge bw'amashanyarazi no kwemeza guhuza neza. Komeza gukora ikizamini cyitondewe kubishobora kubangamira cyangwa ibidukikije bishobora kubangamira imikorere ya sensor.Winjire muburyo bukomeye bwimikorere igenamigambi, urebe neza ko kalibrasi nziza ihujwe nibisabwa byihariye.Binyuze muri ubu buryo bwa sisitemu yo gukemura ibibazo, urashobora gukosora ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-02-2024